May 12, 1999
I have included both the original README.TXT file and the revised
README.TXT file (dated 7/8/97) to give users a complete picture of
the IAPCS program. Please read all of the information and keep in
mind that some of the information in the initial README.TXT file
will be altered by information in this revised README.TXT..
On May 12, 1999, the executable file was changed to make the program
Y2K compliant. All dates entered into the model are in the format (YYMM).
For example: "9506" means "June 1995," and "0001" means "January 2000,"
and "0106" means "June 2001." The model has always used this format, but
with the Y2K event looming, it seemed appropriate to give these examples.
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The Integrated Air Pollution Control System (IAPCS)
for Coal Fired Utility Boilers
The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division of EPA's
National Risk Management Research Laboratory has recently
published Version 5 of the IAPCS.
IAPCS is a computer program that estimates capital and annual
costs for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and
particulate matter controls for coal fired utility boilers. It
addresses boiler characteristics, coal analyses, pollution
controls, and economics. Outputs include material balances,
emission summaries, capital costs, and annual costs. The program
addresses 16 control technologies applicable to power plants
ranging in size from 100 to 1300 MWe of generating capacity.
IAPCS can estimate costs for each of these control technologies,
or logical combinations of them:
SO2 control technologies: wet flue gas desulfurization,
lime spray drying, advanced silicate process (ADVACATE),
coal supply option, lime injection (LIMB), and dry sorbent
injection.
NOx control technologies: low NOx combustion, natural gas
reburning, selective catalytic reduction, and selective
non-catalytic reduction.
Particulate matter control technologies: electrostatic
precipitators, fabric filters, and gas conditioning.
Integrated combustion technologies: fluidized bed combustion
and integrated gasification combined cycle.
Potential users may include pollution regulators, architects,
engineers, utility companies, public utility commissions, and
legislators. Look for the IAPCS on the CTC Bulletin Board of
EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards' Technology
Transfer Network (TTN). If you want more information, call Norm
Kaplan at 919-541-2556 or send an e-mail message to him at
nkaplan@engineer.aeerl.epa.gov.
When downloaded from the CTC bulletin board and decompressed
(unzipped), the executable program consists of 9 separate files,
including "IAPCS5.EXE." To use the model, copy these 9 files into
a separate subdirectory which you may wish to call, "IAPCS5."
Then enter, "iapcs5" to start execution of the model. You must
select an input file to begin. The only input file initially
available (containing all the model default values) is
"PARM5.EPR." DO NOT SAVE CHANGES TO THIS FILE UNDER THE SAME
NAME, OR YOU WILL LOSE THE MODEL DEFAULT VALUES. You may save
changes under a new file name. After this, you may use parm5.epr
if you want the original defaults or your new file name if you
wish to use your own values stored in this parameter file.
After selecting, a parameter file, you must select one or more
technologies to implement with the model. Then you can move about
the various modules within the model to change any of the default
values to your case specific value. Just type the new value over
the default value. Use the escape key to move to a previous
menu.
The user's manuals are also available for downloading from the
bulletin board. However, be aware that graphical information
(diagrams and some tables) will be missing.
Overall, the model is fairly user friendly. You will need to use
the arrow keys to move about rather than the mouse.
If you select "output to a file," the output file name will have
the same name as the parameter file used, but with a ".OUT"
extension (e.g. if "parm5.epr" is used as the input parameter
file, then "parm5.out" will contain the output).
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: IBM compatible computer, 600 kB of lower RAM
(no memory resident programs) and about 2 MB hard drive capacity.
The program works best with Windows 95 or at least DOS 5.0 or higher.
==============================================================
Revised README.TXT file follows -
==============================================================
FILE: read.txt 7-8-97
The following revisions have been made to the IAPCS model version 5.0 The
revised version is called IAPCS version 5a.
1. Addition of Gas Substitution (GS) to the Natural Gas Reburning (NGR) and
Advanced Gas Reburning (AGR) Module. Gas Substitution (GS) was added to allow
the user to estimate the cost of substituting natural gas for coal in a
utility boiler. This module is now referred to as "Natural Gas Technologies
(GS/NGR/AGR)". When Gas Substitution is run, 100% of the coal is assumed to
be substituted by natural gas. To run Gas Substitution, choose "Natural Gas
Technologies (GS/NGR/AGR)" under In Situ Technologies for "Technology Modules
to Implement" then enter the "Natural Gas Technologies (GS/NGR/AGR)" edit
menu. Enter "0" for Natural Gas Substitution under the item "Technology
(0 = Natural Gas Substitution, 1 = Natural Gas Reburning, 2 = Advanced Gas
Reburning)". Edit any of the items that are identified by "GS" in the edit
menu. The algorithms for GS are based on curve fit of costs for 8 plants
ranging in size from 50 to 750 MW, and were obtained from the Gas Research
Institute.
2. Flue Gas Flow Rate Revision. The user can now choose to use coal analyses
to compute the mass and volumetric flue gas flow rate. Previously, an
F-Factor was used, which calculated flue gas flow rate as a function of heat
input to the boiler (dscf/MMBtu). The default F-Factor is 9,820 dscf/MMBtu
and can be changed under the "Boiler Specific" menu. The user can now choose
to use either coal parameters or the F-Factor to calculate flue gas flow rate
in the "Boiler Specific" menu. If coal parameters is chosen, flue gas flow
rate is calculated from basic combustion principles based on mass of coal
burned and total air used in combustion.
It should be noted that the FGD module uses coal parameters to calculate flue
gas flow rate regardless of whether F-Factor is chosen. Thus, there may be
is a discrepancy between how the uncontrolled flow rate is calculated (based
on F-Factor if F-Factor is chosen) and how the flow rate after the FGD is
calculated (based on coal parameters). However, this should not have a
significant effect on the cost estimates for FGD.
3. ADVACATE Revision. The maximum size of a tower mill is 60 MW. The
previous ADVACATE cost equations were based on a tower mill size of 100 MW.
The tower mill costs based on 100 MW of $150,000 per tower mill were
subtracted out of the SO2 Removal Process Area costs. The costs were added
back in based on 60 MW and $150,000 per tower mill. The revision is
summarized as follows:
SO2 Removal System
Factor1 = (bsize/300.)**.666*(.61+.15*ps)*(1.5*sr-.8)
Capcst(1,3) = (4358000. * Factor1 - 450000. * Factor1) * 314./357.6*ratplt*rf
where: Capcst(1,3) = Sulfur Removal System Costs ($)
bsize = boiler size (MW)
ps = coal sulfur percent (%)
sr = calcium/sulfur stoichiomentric ratio
ratplt = cost escalation factor (from 1982$ to user specified
year$)
rf = retrofit factor
If the boiler size is less than 60 MW, the following equation is used:
Tmill = (MW/60.)**.6 * 150000. * 314./357.6 * ratplt * rf
If the boiler size is greater than 60 MW, the following equation is used:
Tmill = (MW/60.) * 150000. * 314./357.6 * ratplt * rf
Tower mill costs are added to the Sulfur Removal System costs:
Capcst(1,3) = Capcst(1,3) + Tmill
Because tower mills are not always needed, the user is given the option of
omitting tower mill costs in the LIMB/ADVACATE edit menu with the following
statement:
Tower Mills Required for Advacate? (1 = Yes, 2 = No)
The default choice is 1 to require tower mills.
4. Printing Output. Page numbers were added to the upper right hand corner
of each page.
EPA reports, INTEGRATED AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL SYSTEM, VERSION 5.0, Vol. 1: User's Guide, Vol. 2: Technical
Documentation, and Vol. 3: Programmer's Maintenance Manual, are numbered
EPA-600/R-95-169a,b, and c, respectively, and are to be used with the upgraded
version 5a. If the manuals are ordered through the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS), Springfield VA 22161, the order numbers are
PB96-157383, PB96-157391, and PB96-157409, respectively.